Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 132
The ruler of the year appeared with hair white as snow, but he knew it not; he thought snow-flakes falling from the sky covered his head, as they decked the green fields with a thin, white covering of snow.
Who acts: ruler, snow, snow flakes, flakes · What happens: appear, not know, think, fall, cover, deck · To what, where: ruler, sky, head, green fields · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ruler, snow, snow flakes, flakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ruler | det |
| 2 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 appeared | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 year | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 year | det |
| 5 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ruler | nmod |
| 6 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 white | case |
| 8 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 white | nsubj |
| 9 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 appeared | obl |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 snow | case |
| 11 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 appeared | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 knew | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 knew | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | nsubj |
| 15 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 appeared | parataxis |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | obj |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 knew | advmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 thought | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 thought | nsubj |
| 20 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 appeared | parataxis |
| 21 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 flakes | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 snow | punct |
| 23 | flakes | flake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 covered | nsubj |
| 24 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 flakes | acl |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 sky | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 sky | det |
| 27 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 falling | obl |
| 28 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 thought | ccomp |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 head | nmod:poss |
| 30 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 covered | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 decked | punct |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 34 decked | mark |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 decked | nsubj |
| 34 | decked | deck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 thought | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 fields | det |
| 36 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 fields | amod |
| 37 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 decked | obj |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 covering | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 covering | det |
| 40 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 covering | amod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 thin | punct |
| 42 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 covering | amod |
| 43 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 decked | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 snow | case |
| 45 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 covering | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | the ruler of the year | with white; as snow | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not know | past | snow | ruler | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past | snow | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | fall | gerund | snow flakes not said here | the sky | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | cover | past | snow flakes | snow's head | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Destination | ||||
| 6 | deck | past | flakes = flake | the green fields | with a thin white covering of snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent field=Destination with covering=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/132/