Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 38

The snow crackled, the sparrows hopped about in the wheel-ruts, and shivered, crying, "Tweet, tweet; when will spring come?

Who acts: snow, sparrows · What happens: crackle, hop, shiver, cry, spring, come · To what, where: Tweet · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snow, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 snow	det
2	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crackled	nsubj
3	crackled	crackle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 hopped	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sparrows	det
6	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hopped	nsubj
7	hopped	hop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 crackled	conj
8	about	about	ADP	_	13 ruts	case
9	in	in	ADP	_	13 ruts	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ruts	det
11	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ruts	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 wheel	punct
13	ruts	rut	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hopped	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 shivered	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 shivered	cc
16	shivered	shiver	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 crackled	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 crying	punct
18	crying	cry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 shivered	advcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 Tweet	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 Tweet	punct
21	Tweet	Tweet	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 crying	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 tweet	punct
23	tweet	tweet	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 Tweet	conj
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 spring	punct
25	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	27 spring	advmod
26	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 spring	aux
27	spring	spring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 crackled	conj
28	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 spring	xcomp
29	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 crackled	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	crackle	past	the snow			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hop	past	the sparrows		about the wheel ruts	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about rut=Trajectory
3	shiver	participle	the snow not said here			vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	cry speech: express	gerund	the snow not said here	Tweet and tweet		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tweet=Topic
5	spring in a quote	future	the snow not said here			tree rules
6	come in a quote	infinitive	the snow not said here			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/38/