Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 55
The forest looked dark, the hard-frozen lake lay like a sheet of lead.
Who acts: forest, frozen lake · What happens: look, freeze, lay
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forest, frozen lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 forest | det |
| 2 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 looked | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 lay | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 lake | det |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 frozen | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 hard | punct |
| 9 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 lake | amod |
| 10 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lay | nsubj |
| 11 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | parataxis |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 sheet | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 sheet | det |
| 14 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lay | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 lead | case |
| 16 | lead | lead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sheet | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the forest | dark property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | lay | present | the frozen lake | like a sheet of lead | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/55/