Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Fir Tree, sentence 148
Look what is sticking to the ugly old fir-tree," said the child, treading on the branches till they crackled under his boots.
Who acts: you, children · What happens: look, stick, say, tread, crackle · To what, where: child, branches, boots · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Fir Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 sticking | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sticking | aux |
| 4 | sticking | stick | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Look | advcl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 tree | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tree | det |
| 7 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tree | amod |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tree | amod |
| 9 | fir | fir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tree | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 fir | punct |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sticking | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Look | parataxis |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 child | det |
| 16 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 treading | punct |
| 18 | treading | tread | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 said | advcl |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 branches | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 branches | det |
| 21 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 treading | obl |
| 22 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 24 crackled | mark |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 crackled | nsubj |
| 24 | crackled | crackle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 treading | advcl |
| 25 | under | under | ADP | _ | 27 boots | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 boots | nmod:poss |
| 27 | boots | boot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 crackled | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | imperative | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | stick | present · progressive | to the ugly old fir tree | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the child | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent child=Topic | |||||
| 4 | tread in a quote | gerund | the branches | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on branch=Trajectory | |||||
| 5 | crackle in a quote | past | children = child | youngest's boots | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under boot=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/33/148/