Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 42
Rudy often reached the top of the mountain before the sunrise, and there inhaled his morning draught of the fresh, invigorating mountain air,--God's own gift, which men call the sweet fragrance of plant and herb on the mountain-side, and the mint and wild thyme in the valleys.
Who acts: Rudy, men, God · What happens: reach, inhale, invigorate, call, gift · To what, where: top, morning draught, mountain air, own gift · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rudy, men, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rudy | Rudy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | nsubj |
| 2 | often | often | ADV | _ | 3 reached | advmod |
| 3 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 top | det |
| 5 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 mountain | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 mountain | det |
| 8 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 top | nmod |
| 9 | before | before | ADP | _ | 11 sunrise | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sunrise | det |
| 11 | sunrise | sunrise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 inhaled | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 inhaled | cc |
| 14 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 inhaled | advmod |
| 15 | inhaled | inhale | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 reached | conj |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 draught | nmod:poss |
| 17 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 draught | compound |
| 18 | draught | draught | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 inhaled | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 fresh | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fresh | det |
| 21 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 draught | amod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 invigorating | punct |
| 23 | invigorating | invigorate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 fresh | advcl |
| 24 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 air | compound |
| 25 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 invigorating | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 gift | punct |
| 27 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 31 gift | punct |
| 28 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 gift | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 God | case |
| 30 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 gift | amod |
| 31 | gift | gift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 invigorating | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 call | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 call | obj |
| 34 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 call | nsubj |
| 35 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 gift | acl:relcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 fragrance | det |
| 37 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 fragrance | amod |
| 38 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 call | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 plant | case |
| 40 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fragrance | nmod |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 herb | cc |
| 42 | herb | herb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 plant | conj |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 side | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 side | det |
| 45 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 side | compound |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 mountain | punct |
| 47 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 herb | nmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 mint | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 mint | cc |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 mint | det |
| 51 | mint | mint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 call | xcomp |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 thyme | cc |
| 53 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 thyme | amod |
| 54 | thyme | thyme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 mint | conj |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 valleys | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 valleys | det |
| 57 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 thyme | nmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | Rudy | the top of the mountain | sunrise | often property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent top=Theme | ||
| 2 | inhale | participle | Rudy not said here | Rudy's morning draught | there | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent draught=Theme | |||
| 3 | invigorate | gerund | Rudy not said here | mountain air | God's own gift obl | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | call | present | men | God's own gift | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme fragrance=Result | ||||
| 5 | gift | God | nom gift «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/42/