Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 53

His mother had written in a letter, that before he was a year old he had laughed more than he cried; but after his fall into the snow-covered crevasse, his disposition had completely changed.

Who acts: Rudy, disposition · What happens: write, be, laugh, cry, cover, change · To what, where: mother, letter, more

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rudy, disposition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mother	nmod:poss
2	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 written	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 written	aux
4	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 letter	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 letter	det
7	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 written	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 old	punct
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 old	nsubj
10	before	before	ADP	_	14 year	case
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 year	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 year	cop
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 year	det
14	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 old	obl:unmarked
15	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 letter	amod
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 laughed	nsubj
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 laughed	aux
18	laughed	laugh	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 old	acl:relcl
19	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 laughed	obj
20	than	than	SCONJ	_	22 cried	mark
21	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 cried	nsubj
22	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 more	advcl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 changed	punct
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	39 changed	cc
25	after	after	ADP	_	27 fall	case
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 fall	nmod:poss
27	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 changed	obl
28	into	into	ADP	_	33 crevasse	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 crevasse	det
30	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 covered	compound
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	30 snow	punct
32	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 crevasse	amod
33	crevasse	crevasse	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 fall	nmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 fall	punct
35	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 disposition	nmod:poss
36	disposition	disposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 changed	nsubj
37	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 changed	aux
38	completely	completely	ADV	_	39 changed	advmod
39	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 written	conj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 written	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past · perfect · passive		Rudy's mother	a letter			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in letter=Destination
2	is	past	Rudy			before a year		tree rules
3	laugh	past · perfect	Rudy	more				vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
4	cry speech: express	past	Rudy					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	cover	participle						vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
6	change	past · perfect	Rudy's disposition			after Rudy's fall into the covered crevasse	completely property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/53/