Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, IV. Babette, sentence 119
These meadows were encircled by lofty hills, which receded a little in the centre, so that the most beautifully formed of Swiss mountains--the snow-crowned Jungfrau--could be distinctly seen glittering in the distance.
Who acts: lofty hills · What happens: encircle, recede, form, crown, see, glitter · To what, where: meadows, little, centre
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, IV. Babette. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lofty hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 meadows | det |
| 2 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 encircled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 encircled | aux:pass |
| 4 | encircled | encircle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 hills | case |
| 6 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hills | amod |
| 7 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 encircled | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 receded | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 receded | nsubj |
| 10 | receded | recede | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hills | acl:relcl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 little | det |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 receded | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 centre | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 centre | det |
| 15 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 receded | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 formed | punct |
| 17 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 22 formed | mark |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 so | fixed |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 formed | det |
| 20 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 21 beautifully | advmod |
| 21 | beautifully | beautifully | ADV | _ | 22 formed | advmod |
| 22 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 encircled | advcl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 mountains | case |
| 24 | Swiss | Swiss | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 mountains | amod |
| 25 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 formed | obl |
| 26 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 31 Jungfrau | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Jungfrau | det |
| 28 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 crowned | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 snow | punct |
| 30 | crowned | crown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 Jungfrau | amod |
| 31 | Jungfrau | Jungfrau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 mountains | nmod |
| 32 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 36 seen | punct |
| 33 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 seen | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 seen | aux:pass |
| 35 | distinctly | distinctly | ADV | _ | 36 seen | advmod |
| 36 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 encircled | advcl |
| 37 | glittering | glitter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 seen | xcomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 distance | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 distance | det |
| 40 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 glittering | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 encircled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encircle | past · passive | lofty hills | this meadows | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | recede | past | lofty hills | a little | the centre | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | form | participle | lofty hills not said here | of Swiss mountains the crowned Jungfrau; beautifully property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | crown | participle | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | see | could · passive | lofty hills not said here | distinctly property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | glitter | gerund | lofty hills not said here | in the distance | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in distance=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/55/119/