Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, V. on the Way Home, sentence 30
When Rudy at length reached the highest part of the mountain, where the path led down to the valley of the Rhone, the snow had ceased, and in the clear heavens he saw two bright stars twinkling.
Who acts: Rudy, path, Rhone, snow, two bright stars · What happens: reach, lead down, cease, see, twinkle · To what, where: highest part, snow, two bright stars, clear heavens
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, V. on the Way Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rudy, path, Rhone, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 reached | mark |
| 2 | Rudy | Rudy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 length | case |
| 4 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Rudy | nmod |
| 5 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 part | det |
| 7 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 part | amod |
| 8 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 reached | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 mountain | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 mountain | det |
| 11 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 part | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 led | punct |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 16 led | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 path | det |
| 15 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 led | nsubj |
| 16 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 part | parataxis |
| 17 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 led | advmod |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 valley | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 valley | det |
| 20 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 led | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Rhone | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Rhone | det |
| 23 | Rhone | rhone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 valley | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 ceased | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 snow | det |
| 26 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ceased | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 ceased | aux |
| 28 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 Rhone | acl:relcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 saw | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 saw | cc |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 heavens | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 heavens | det |
| 33 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 heavens | amod |
| 34 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 saw | obl |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 saw | nsubj |
| 36 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 reached | conj |
| 37 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 stars | nummod |
| 38 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 stars | amod |
| 39 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 saw | obj |
| 40 | twinkling | twinkle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 stars | acl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | Rudy at length | the highest part of the mountain | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent part=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lead down | past | the path | to the valley of the Rhone; down property | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to valley=Patient | ||||
| 3 | cease | past · perfect · passive | the Rhone not said here | the snow | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | see | past | snow | two bright stars | the clear heavens | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | twinkle | gerund | two bright stars not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/56/30/