Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, IX. the Ice Maiden, sentence 6
From the valley came a rumbling sound; men were busily at work blasting the rocks to form tunnels, and laying down roads for the railway. "
Who acts: men, work · What happens: come, rumble, be, blast, form, lay down · To what, where: rumbling sound, valley, work, rocks, tunnels, roads
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, IX. the Ice Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 valley | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 valley | det |
| 3 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sound | det |
| 6 | rumbling | rumble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 sound | amod |
| 7 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 work | punct |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 work | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 work | cop |
| 11 | busily | busily | ADV | _ | 13 work | advmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 work | case |
| 13 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| 14 | blasting | blast | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 work | acl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rocks | det |
| 16 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 blasting | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 form | mark |
| 18 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 blasting | advcl |
| 19 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 form | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 laying | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 laying | cc |
| 22 | laying | lay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 came | advcl |
| 23 | down | down | ADP | _ | 22 laying | compound:prt |
| 24 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 laying | obj |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 railway | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 railway | det |
| 27 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 laying | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | a rumbling sound | the valley | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sound=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rumble | gerund | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is | past | men | work | busily property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | blast | gerund | work not said here | the rocks | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rock=Theme | ||||
| 5 | form | to-infinitive | work not said here | tunnels | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tunnel=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lay down | gerund | roads | for the railway | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent road=Result for railway=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/60/6/