Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, XIV. Night Visions, sentence 4
They assumed the shapes of antediluvian animals, of eagles hovering in the air, of frogs leaping over a marsh, and then sunk down upon the rushing stream and appeared to sail upon it, although floating in the air.
Who acts: clouds, eagles, frogs · What happens: assume, hover, leap, sunk down, rush, appear · To what, where: shapes, air, marsh
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XIV. Night Visions. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clouds, eagles, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 assumed | nsubj |
| 2 | assumed | assume | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shapes | det |
| 4 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 assumed | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 animals | case |
| 6 | antediluvian | antediluvian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 animals | amod |
| 7 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 shapes | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 eagles | punct |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 eagles | case |
| 10 | eagles | eagle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 animals | nmod |
| 11 | hovering | hover | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 eagles | acl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 air | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 air | det |
| 14 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hovering | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 frogs | punct |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 frogs | case |
| 17 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 animals | conj |
| 18 | leaping | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 frogs | acl |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 marsh | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 marsh | det |
| 21 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 leaping | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 sunk | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 sunk | cc |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 sunk | advmod |
| 25 | sunk | sunk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 assumed | conj |
| 26 | down | down | ADV | _ | 25 sunk | advmod |
| 27 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 stream | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 stream | det |
| 29 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 stream | amod |
| 30 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sunk | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 appeared | cc |
| 32 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 assumed | conj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 sail | mark |
| 34 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 appeared | xcomp |
| 35 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 36 it | case |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 sail | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 floating | punct |
| 38 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 39 floating | mark |
| 39 | floating | float | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 sail | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 air | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 air | det |
| 42 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 floating | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 assumed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assume | past | clouds = cloud | the shapes of antediluvian animals of eagles and frogs | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hover | gerund | eagles not said here | the air | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location | ||||
| 3 | leap | gerund | frogs not said here | a marsh | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over marsh=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | sunk down | infinitive | clouds = cloud not said here | then | upon the rushing stream; down property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | rush | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | appear | past | clouds = cloud not said here | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | sail | to-infinitive | clouds = cloud not said here | upon stream | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | float | gerund | clouds = cloud not said here | the air | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/65/4/