Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Last Dream of the Old Oak, sentence 44

Crows and rooks came by turns and sat on them, and talked of the hard times which were beginning, and how difficult it was in winter to obtain food.

Who acts: Crows, hard times, oak · What happens: come, sit, talk, begin, be, obtain · To what, where: food

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Last Dream of the Old Oak. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crows, hard times, oak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 came	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 rooks	cc
3	rooks	rook	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Crows	conj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 turns	case
6	turns	turn	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 came	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sat	cc
8	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 came	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 them	case
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 sat	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 talked	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 talked	cc
13	talked	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 came	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 times	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 times	det
16	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 times	amod
17	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 talked	obl
18	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 beginning	nsubj
19	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 beginning	aux
20	beginning	begin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 times	acl:relcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 difficult	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 difficult	cc
23	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	24 difficult	advmod
24	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 came	parataxis
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 winter	nsubj
26	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 winter	cop
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 winter	case
28	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 difficult	parataxis
29	to	to	PART	_	30 obtain	mark
30	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 winter	acl
31	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 obtain	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Crows and rooks			by turns	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by turn=Location
2	sit	past	Crows and rooks not said here			on Crows = crow	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on they=Location
3	talk	past	Crows and rooks not said here		time		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	begin	past · progressive	the hard times				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	is	past	oak			in winter	tree rules
6	obtain	to-infinitive	Crows and rooks not said here	food			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/69/44/