Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Little Mermaid, part 1, sentence 59
On all the ships the sails were reefed with fear and trembling, while she sat calmly on the floating iceberg, watching the blue lightning, as it darted its forked flashes into the sea.
Who acts: light, lightning · What happens: reef, tremble, sit, float, watch, dart · To what, where: sails, ships, floating iceberg, blue lightning, forked flashes, sea
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Mermaid, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 ships | case |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 ships | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ships | det |
| 4 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 reefed | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sails | det |
| 6 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 reefed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 reefed | aux:pass |
| 8 | reefed | reef | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 fear | case |
| 10 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reefed | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 trembling | cc |
| 12 | trembling | tremble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 fear | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 sat | punct |
| 14 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 16 sat | mark |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 sat | nsubj |
| 16 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 reefed | parataxis |
| 17 | calmly | calmly | ADV | _ | 16 sat | advmod |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 iceberg | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 iceberg | det |
| 20 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 iceberg | amod |
| 21 | iceberg | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sat | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 watching | punct |
| 23 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 sat | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 lightning | det |
| 25 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 lightning | amod |
| 26 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 watching | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 darted | punct |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 30 darted | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 darted | nsubj |
| 30 | darted | dart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 sat | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 flashes | nmod:poss |
| 32 | forked | fork | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 flashes | amod |
| 33 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 darted | obj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 sea | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sea | det |
| 36 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 darted | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 reefed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reef | past · passive | the sails | all ships | with fear | tree rules | |||
| 2 | tremble | gerund | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | sit | past | light | the floating iceberg | calmly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on iceberg=Location | |||
| 4 | float | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | watch | gerund | light not said here | the blue lightning | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lightning=Theme | ||||
| 6 | dart | past | lightning | lightning's forked flashes | the sea | vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location flash=Theme | |||
| 7 | fork | participle | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | flash | lightning | nom flash «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/75/59/