Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina, sentence 31

The little fishes, who swam about in the water beneath, had seen the toad, and heard what she said, so they lifted their heads above the water to look at the little maiden.

Who acts: toad, fishes · What happens: swim, see, hear, say, lift, look · To what, where: little fishes, water beneath, toad, heads, water · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toad, fishes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fishes	det
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fishes	amod
3	fishes	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 swam	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 swam	punct
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 swam	nsubj
6	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	about	about	ADV	_	6 swam	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 beneath	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 beneath	det
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 beneath	compound
11	beneath	beneath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 swam	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 seen	punct
13	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 seen	aux
14	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 swam	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 toad	det
16	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 seen	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 heard	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 heard	cc
19	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 swam	conj
20	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 heard	obj
21	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 said	nsubj
22	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 what	acl:relcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 lifted	punct
24	so	so	ADV	_	26 lifted	advmod
25	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 lifted	nsubj
26	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 swam	conj
27	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 heads	nmod:poss
28	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 lifted	obj
29	above	above	ADP	_	31 water	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 water	det
31	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 lifted	obl
32	to	to	PART	_	33 look	mark
33	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 lifted	advcl
34	at	at	ADP	_	37 maiden	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 maiden	det
36	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 maiden	amod
37	maiden	maiden	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 look	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 swam	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	swim	past		the little fishes	the water beneath	about property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in beneath=Trajectory
2	see	past · perfect		the toad			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toad=Stimulus
3	hear	past					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
4	say speech: assert	past	toad				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
5	lift	past	fishes = fish	fishes's heads	the water		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme above water=Destination
6	look	to-infinitive	fishes = fish not said here			at the little maiden	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at maiden=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/79/31/