Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Mail-coach Passengers, sentence 1
It was bitterly cold, the sky glittered with stars, and not a breeze stirred. "
Who acts: It · What happens: be, glitter, stir · To what, where: sky, breeze
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Mail-coach Passengers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 cold | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 cold | cop |
| 3 | bitterly | bitterly | ADV | _ | 4 cold | advmod |
| 4 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sky | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sky | det |
| 7 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cold | obl |
| 8 | glittered | glitter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 sky | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 stars | case |
| 10 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 glittered | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 stirred | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 stirred | cc |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 breeze | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 breeze | det |
| 15 | breeze | breeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stirred | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | stirred | stir | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 cold | parataxis |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cold | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 cold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | It | the sky obl; bitterly, cold property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | glitter | participle | the sky not said here | with stars | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with star=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stir | participle · passive | a breeze | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/82/1/