Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Second Evening, sentence 1
"Yesterday," said the Moon to me, "I looked down upon a small courtyard surrounded on all sides by houses.
Who acts: Moon · What happens: say, look down, surround · To what, where: me, small courtyard, sides · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Second Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Yesterday | punct |
| 2 | Yesterday | yesterday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Yesterday | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Yesterday | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Moon | det |
| 7 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 me | case |
| 9 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 said | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 looked | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 looked | punct |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 looked | nsubj |
| 13 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | conj |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 13 looked | advmod |
| 15 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 courtyard | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 courtyard | det |
| 17 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 courtyard | amod |
| 18 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 looked | obl |
| 19 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 courtyard | acl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 sides | case |
| 21 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 sides | det |
| 22 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 surrounded | obl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 houses | case |
| 24 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the Moon | me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to i=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | look down in a quote | past | the Moon = moon | upon a small courtyard; down property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon courtyard=Theme | ||||
| 3 | surround in a quote | participle | a small courtyard not said here | all sides | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/93/1/