Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 161
‘Don’t make fun of me,’ said Taffy, as she thought of her picture-letter and the mud in the Stranger-man’s hair.
Who acts: Taffy · What happens: not make, say, think, letter · To what, where: fun, hair · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taffy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
| 2 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | aux |
| 3 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 make | advmod |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 5 | fun | fun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 me | case |
| 7 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 fun | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
| 9 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 thought | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 thought | mark |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 thought | nsubj |
| 15 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 letter | case |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 letter | nmod:poss |
| 18 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 letter | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 picture | punct |
| 20 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 thought | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 mud | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 mud | det |
| 23 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 letter | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 hair | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 man | det |
| 26 | Stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 man | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Stranger | punct |
| 28 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hair | nmod:poss |
| 29 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 28 man | case |
| 30 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 letter | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not make | infinitive · do-support | fun of me | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fun=Product | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Taffy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past | Taffy | of Taffy's picture letter in the Stranger man's hair and the mud | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | letter | Taffy | the Stranger man's hair | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/10/161/