Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 260
‘It sounds all rough and edgy, like your shark-tooth saw when you’re cutting out a plank for the canoe,’ said Taffy.
Who acts: ma, you, Taffy · What happens: sound, be, cut out, say · To what, where: plank · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ma, you, Taffy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 sounds | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 sounds | nsubj |
| 3 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | all | all | ADV | _ | 5 rough | advmod |
| 5 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sounds | xcomp |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 edgy | cc |
| 7 | edgy | edgy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rough | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 saw | punct |
| 9 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 saw | case |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 saw | nmod:poss |
| 11 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tooth | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 shark | punct |
| 13 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 saw | compound |
| 14 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sounds | obl |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 ’re | advmod |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 ’re | nsubj |
| 17 | ’re | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 said | ccomp |
| 18 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 ’re | xcomp |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 18 cutting | compound:prt |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 plank | det |
| 21 | plank | plank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cutting | obj |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 canoe | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 canoe | det |
| 24 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cutting | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 ’re | punct |
| 26 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 ’re | punct |
| 27 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sounds | parataxis |
| 28 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 said | nsubj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sounds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sound | present | ma | like your tooth saw; rough property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | does | present | you | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cut out | gerund | you not said here | a plank | for the canoe | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector plank=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Taffy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/10/260/