Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 276

‘Shu-ya-las ya-maru,’ said Taffy, reading it out sound by sound.

Who acts: ya las, ya maru · What happens: maru, say, read out · To what, where: maru · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ya las, ya maru), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	‘	'	PUNCT	_	9 maru	punct
2	Shu	shu	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ya	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 Shu	punct
4	ya	ya	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 las	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 las	punct
6	las	la	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 maru	nsubj
7	ya	ya	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 maru	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 ya	punct
9	maru	maru	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 maru	punct
11	’	'	PUNCT	_	9 maru	punct
12	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 reading	punct
15	reading	read	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 said	advcl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 reading	obj
17	out	out	ADP	_	15 reading	compound:prt
18	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 reading	obj
19	by	by	ADP	_	20 sound	case
20	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 reading	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	maru		ya las			tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past	ya maru			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	read out	gerund	ya maru not said here	maru	by sound	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient sound=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/10/276/