Just so stories, How the Whale Got His Throat, sentence 31

But while the Whale had been swimming, the Mariner, who was indeed a person of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, had taken his jack-knife and cut up the raft into a little square grating all running criss-cross, and he had tied it firm with his suspenders (_now_, you know why you were not to forget the suspenders!), and he dragged that grating good and tight into the Whale’s throat, and there it stuck!

Who acts: Whale, Mariner, little square, you, square · What happens: swim, be, take, cut up, grate, run · To what, where: person, Mariner, raft, running criss cross, Whale, suspenders · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Whale Got His Throat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whale, Mariner, little square, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	27 taken	cc
2	while	while	SCONJ	_	7 swimming	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Whale	det
4	Whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 swimming	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 swimming	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 swimming	aux
7	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 taken	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 swimming	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Mariner	det
10	Mariner	Mariner	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 taken	nsubj:pass
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 person	punct
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 person	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 person	cop
14	indeed	indeed	ADV	_	16 person	advmod
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 person	det
16	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Mariner	appos
17	of	of	ADP	_	20 resource	case
18	infinite	infinite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 resource	amod
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 infinite	punct
20	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 person	nmod
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	24 sagacity	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 sagacity	cc
23	-	-	PUNCT	_	22 and	punct
24	sagacity	sagacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 resource	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Mariner	punct
26	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 taken	aux
27	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
28	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 knife	nmod:poss
29	jack	jack	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 knife	compound
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	29 jack	punct
31	knife	knife	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 taken	obj
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 cut	cc
33	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 taken	conj
34	up	up	ADP	_	33 cut	compound:prt
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 raft	det
36	raft	raft	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 cut	obj
37	into	into	ADP	_	41 grating	case
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 square	det
39	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 square	amod
40	square	square	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 grating	nsubj
41	grating	grate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	33 cut	obl
42	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	46 cross	det
43	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	46 cross	amod
44	criss	criss	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 cross	compound
45	-	-	PUNCT	_	44 criss	punct
46	cross	cross	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 grating	obj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 tied	punct
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 tied	cc
49	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 tied	nsubj:pass
50	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	51 tied	aux
51	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 taken	parataxis
52	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 tied	obj
53	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 tied	xcomp
54	with	with	ADP	_	56 suspenders	case
55	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	56 suspenders	nmod:poss
56	suspenders	suspender	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 firm	obl
57	(	(	PUNCT	_	58 _	punct
58	_	_	PUNCT	_	51 tied	punct
59	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	27 taken	advmod
60	_	_	PUNCT	_	27 taken	punct
61	,	,	PUNCT	_	63 know	punct
62	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	63 know	nsubj
63	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 taken	parataxis
64	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	69 forget	advmod
65	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	69 forget	nsubj
66	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	69 forget	aux
67	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	69 forget	advmod
68	to	to	PART	_	69 forget	mark
69	forget	forget	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	63 know	ccomp
70	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	71 suspenders	det
71	suspenders	suspender	NOUN	Number=Plur	69 forget	obj
72	!	!	PUNCT	_	69 forget	punct
73	)	)	PUNCT	_	69 forget	punct
74	,	,	PUNCT	_	77 dragged	punct
75	and	and	CCONJ	_	77 dragged	cc
76	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	77 dragged	nsubj
77	dragged	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	63 know	parataxis
78	that	that	SCONJ	_	79 grating	mark
79	grating	grate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	77 dragged	advcl
80	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	79 grating	xcomp
81	and	and	CCONJ	_	82 tight	cc
82	tight	tight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	80 good	conj
83	into	into	ADP	_	87 throat	case
84	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	85 Whale	det
85	Whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	87 throat	nmod:poss
86	’s	's	PART	_	85 Whale	case
87	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	79 grating	obl
88	,	,	PUNCT	_	92 stuck	punct
89	and	and	CCONJ	_	92 stuck	cc
90	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	92 stuck	expl
91	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	92 stuck	nsubj
92	stuck	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	77 dragged	conj
93	!	!	PUNCT	_	27 taken	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	past · perfect · progressive	the Whale					vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	past	the Mariner	a person			of infinite resource and sagacity; indeed property	tree rules
3	take	past · perfect · passive		the Mariner		now		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme knife=Destination
4	cut up	participle		the raft				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset raft=Product
5	grate	gerund	a little square	all running criss cross				vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus cross=Experiencer
6	run	gerund						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	tie	past · perfect · passive		Whale			firm property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient it=Result
8	know	present	you					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
9	not forget	past	you	the suspenders				tree rules
10	drag	past	Whale					vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
11	grate	gerund	Whale not said here		the Whale's throat		good property	vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
12	stick	past	square		there			vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/2/31/