Just so stories, How the Whale Got His Throat, sentence 4
Till at last there was only one small fish left in all the sea, and he was a small ‘Stute Fish, and he swam a little behind the Whale’s right ear, so as to be out of harm’s way.
Who acts: Beloved · What happens: be, leave, swim · To what, where: one small fish, sea, right ear, way
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Whale Got His Throat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beloved), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Till | till | ADP | _ | 3 last | case |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 3 last | case |
| 3 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 was | expl |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 last | cop |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 one | advmod |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 fish | nummod |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fish | amod |
| 9 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 was | nsubj |
| 10 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 fish | acl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 sea | det:predet |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 left | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 small | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 small | cc |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 small | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 small | cop |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 small | det |
| 20 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 last | conj |
| 21 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 23 Fish | punct |
| 22 | Stute | Stute | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Fish | compound |
| 23 | Fish | Fish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 small | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 swam | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 swam | cc |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 swam | nsubj |
| 27 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 last | parataxis |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 little | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 swam | advmod |
| 30 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 35 ear | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Whale | det |
| 32 | Whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 ear | nmod:poss |
| 33 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 32 Whale | case |
| 34 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 ear | amod |
| 35 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 swam | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 way | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 45 way | advmod |
| 38 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 45 way | mark |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 way | mark |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 way | cop |
| 41 | out | out | ADP | _ | 45 way | case |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 way | case |
| 43 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 way | nmod:poss |
| 44 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 43 harm | case |
| 45 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 swam | parataxis |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 last | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | last property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | leave | participle | one small fish not said here | in all sea result | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in sea=Result | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Beloved | Stute Fish obl; small property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | swim | past | Beloved | the Whale's right ear | little property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind ear=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | is | to-infinitive | harm's way | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/2/4/