Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 43

So they waited till dark, and then the Leopard heard something breathing sniffily in the starlight that fell all stripy through the branches, and he jumped at the noise, and it smelt like Zebra, and it felt like Zebra, and when he knocked it down it kicked like Zebra, but he couldn’t see it.

Who acts: Giraffe, Leopard, starlight, Zebra, hunting · What happens: wait, hear, breathe, fall, jump, smelt · To what, where: something, starlight, noise, hunting

This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffe, Leopard, starlight, Zebra), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	3 waited	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 waited	nsubj
3	waited	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	till	till	ADP	_	5 dark	case
5	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 waited	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 heard	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 heard	cc
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 heard	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Leopard	det
10	Leopard	Leopard	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 heard	nsubj
11	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 waited	conj
12	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 heard	obj
13	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 something	acl
14	sniffily	sniffily	ADV	_	13 breathing	advmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 starlight	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 starlight	det
17	starlight	starlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 breathing	obl
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 fell	nsubj
19	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 starlight	acl:relcl
20	all	all	ADV	_	21 stripy	advmod
21	stripy	stripy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 fell	xcomp
22	through	through	ADP	_	24 branches	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 branches	det
24	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 stripy	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 jumped	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 jumped	cc
27	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 jumped	nsubj
28	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 waited	conj
29	at	at	ADP	_	31 noise	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 noise	det
31	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 jumped	obl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 smelt	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 smelt	cc
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 smelt	nsubj
35	smelt	smelt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 waited	conj
36	like	like	ADP	_	37 Zebra	case
37	Zebra	Zebra	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 smelt	obl
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 felt	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 felt	cc
40	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 felt	nsubj
41	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 waited	conj
42	like	like	ADP	_	43 Zebra	case
43	Zebra	Zebra	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 felt	obl
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 kicked	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 kicked	cc
46	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	48 knocked	advmod
47	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	48 knocked	nsubj
48	knocked	knock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	52 kicked	advcl
49	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	48 knocked	obj
50	down	down	ADP	_	48 knocked	compound:prt
51	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	52 kicked	nsubj
52	kicked	kick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 waited	conj
53	like	like	ADP	_	54 Zebra	case
54	Zebra	Zebra	PROPN	Number=Sing	52 kicked	obl
55	,	,	PUNCT	_	60 see	punct
56	but	but	CCONJ	_	60 see	cc
57	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	60 see	nsubj
58	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	60 see	aux
59	n’t	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	60 see	advmod
60	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 waited	conj
61	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	60 see	obj
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 waited	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	past	Giraffe			till dark		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hear	past	the Leopard	something		then		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
3	breathe	gerund			the starlight		sniffily property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	fall	past	the starlight				stripy property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	jump	past	Zebra		the noise			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at noise=Trajectory
6	smelt	past	hunting				like Zebra	tree rules
7	feel	past	hunting				like Zebra	vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like zebra=Theme
8	knock down	past	Zebra	hunting				vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent it=Patient
9	kick	past	hunting				like Zebra	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
10	not see	could	Zebra	hunting				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/5/43/