Just so stories, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo, sentence 21
He ran through the desert; he ran through the mountains; he ran through the salt-pans; he ran through the reed-beds; he ran through the blue gums; he ran through the spinifex; he ran till his front legs ached.
Who acts: Beloved, front legs · What happens: run, ache · To what, where: desert, mountains, salt pans, reed beds, blue gums, spinifex
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beloved, front legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 ran | nsubj |
| 2 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | through | through | ADP | _ | 5 desert | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 desert | det |
| 5 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ran | obl |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 ran | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 ran | nsubj |
| 8 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 9 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 mountains | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 mountains | det |
| 11 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 ran | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 ran | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 ran | nsubj |
| 14 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 15 | through | through | ADP | _ | 19 pans | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 pans | det |
| 17 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pans | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 salt | punct |
| 19 | pans | pan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 ran | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 ran | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 ran | nsubj |
| 22 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 23 | through | through | ADP | _ | 27 beds | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 beds | det |
| 25 | reed | reed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 beds | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 reed | punct |
| 27 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 ran | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 ran | punct |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 ran | nsubj |
| 30 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | parataxis |
| 31 | through | through | ADP | _ | 34 gums | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 gums | det |
| 33 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 gums | amod |
| 34 | gums | gum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 ran | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 ran | punct |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 ran | nsubj |
| 37 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 ran | conj |
| 38 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 spinifex | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 spinifex | det |
| 40 | spinifex | spinifex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ran | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 ran | punct |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 ran | nsubj |
| 43 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 44 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 48 ached | mark |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 legs | nmod:poss |
| 46 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 legs | amod |
| 47 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 ached | nsubj |
| 48 | ached | ache | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 ran | advcl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | Beloved | the desert | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through desert=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | run | past | Beloved | the mountains | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through mountain=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | run | past | Beloved | the salt pans | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pan=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | run | past | Beloved | the reed beds | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through bed=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | run | past | Beloved | the blue gums | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gum=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | run | past | Beloved | the spinifex | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through spinifex=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | run | past | Beloved | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | ache | past | Beloved's front legs | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/7/21/