Just so stories, How the First Letter Was Written, sentence 137
‘I don’t believe you’ve brought my Daddy’s black-handled spear after all,’ said Taffy.
Who acts: I, Taffy · What happens: not believe, bring, handle, say · To what, where: you, handled spear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Taffy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | aux |
| 4 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 believe | advmod |
| 5 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 said | ccomp |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 believe | obj |
| 7 | ’ve | 've | PUNCT | _ | 8 brought | punct |
| 8 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | conj |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 Daddy | nmod:poss |
| 10 | Daddy | Daddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 spear | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 Daddy | case |
| 12 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 handled | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 black | punct |
| 14 | handled | handle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 spear | amod |
| 15 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 brought | obj |
| 16 | after | after | ADP | _ | 17 all | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 brought | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| 19 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 said | nsubj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not believe | present · do-support | I | you | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | bring | past | I not said here | my Daddy's handled spear | after all | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent spear=Theme | |||
| 3 | handle | participle | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Taffy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/137/