Just so stories, How the First Letter Was Written, sentence 97
He had mended his spear and was carefully waving it to and fro.
Who acts: Tegumai · What happens: mend, wave, fro · To what, where: spear, road
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tegumai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 mended | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 mended | aux |
| 3 | mended | mend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 spear | nmod:poss |
| 5 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mended | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 waving | cc |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 waving | aux |
| 8 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 9 waving | advmod |
| 9 | waving | wave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 mended | conj |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 waving | obj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 waving | fixed |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 fro | cc |
| 13 | fro | fro | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 waving | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 mended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mend | past · perfect | Tegumai | Tegumai's spear | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | wave | past · progressive | Tegumai not said here | road | carefully property | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 3 | fro | infinitive | Tegumai not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/97/