Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter I, sentence 9
He knew the affections and antipathies which are proper in a dog; the degree of obedience to which dogs may be trained without losing their honourable qualities or becoming servile and suspicious; he knew the hopes that animate them, the apprehensions which tingle in their blood, and all that is to be demanded from, or forgiven in, a paw, an ear, a nose, an eye, or a tooth; and he understood these things because he loved dogs, for it is by love alone that we understand anything.
Who acts: Fionn, affections, hopes, apprehensions, tooth, we · What happens: know, be, train, lose, become, animate · To what, where: affections, dogs, honourable qualities, servile, hopes, blood
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter I. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fionn, affections, hopes, apprehensions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 affections | det |
| 4 | affections | affection | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 knew | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 antipathies | cc |
| 6 | antipathies | antipathy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 affections | conj |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 proper | nsubj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 proper | cop |
| 9 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 affections | acl:relcl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 dog | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 dog | det |
| 12 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 proper | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 degree | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 degree | det |
| 15 | degree | degree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 obedience | case |
| 17 | obedience | obedience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 degree | nmod |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 which | case |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 trained | obl |
| 20 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 trained | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 trained | aux |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 trained | aux:pass |
| 23 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 obedience | acl:relcl |
| 24 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 25 losing | mark |
| 25 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 trained | advcl |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 qualities | nmod:poss |
| 27 | honourable | honourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 qualities | amod |
| 28 | qualities | quality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 losing | obj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 becoming | cc |
| 30 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 losing | conj |
| 31 | servile | servile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 becoming | xcomp |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 suspicious | cc |
| 33 | suspicious | suspicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 servile | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 knew | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 knew | nsubj |
| 36 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | parataxis |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 hopes | det |
| 38 | hopes | hope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 knew | obj |
| 39 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 animate | nsubj |
| 40 | animate | animate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 hopes | acl:relcl |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 animate | obj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 apprehensions | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 apprehensions | det |
| 44 | apprehensions | apprehension | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 hopes | conj |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 tingle | nsubj |
| 46 | tingle | tingle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 apprehensions | acl:relcl |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 blood | case |
| 48 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 blood | nmod:poss |
| 49 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 tingle | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 demanded | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 demanded | cc |
| 52 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 53 that | det:predet |
| 53 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 57 demanded | nsubj |
| 54 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 57 demanded | aux:pass |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 demanded | mark |
| 56 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 57 demanded | aux:pass |
| 57 | demanded | demand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 knew | conj |
| 58 | from | from | ADP | _ | 57 demanded | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 forgiven | punct |
| 60 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 61 forgiven | cc |
| 61 | forgiven | forgive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 knew | conj |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 forgiven | compound:prt |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 paw | punct |
| 64 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 65 paw | det |
| 65 | paw | paw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 forgiven | parataxis |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 ear | punct |
| 67 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 68 ear | det |
| 68 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 paw | conj |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 nose | punct |
| 70 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 71 nose | det |
| 71 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 ear | conj |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 eye | punct |
| 73 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 74 eye | det |
| 74 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 ear | appos |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 tooth | punct |
| 76 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 78 tooth | cc |
| 77 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 78 tooth | det |
| 78 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 eye | conj |
| 79 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 82 understood | punct |
| 80 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 82 understood | cc |
| 81 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 82 understood | nsubj |
| 82 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | conj |
| 83 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 84 things | det |
| 84 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 82 understood | obj |
| 85 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 87 loved | mark |
| 86 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 87 loved | nsubj |
| 87 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 82 understood | advcl |
| 88 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 loved | obj |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 love | punct |
| 90 | for | for | ADP | _ | 94 love | case |
| 91 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 94 love | nsubj |
| 92 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 94 love | cop |
| 93 | by | by | ADP | _ | 94 love | case |
| 94 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 87 loved | obl |
| 95 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 94 love | advmod |
| 96 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 98 understand | mark |
| 97 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 98 understand | nsubj |
| 98 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 94 love | acl |
| 99 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 98 understand | obj |
| 100 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Fionn | the affections and antipathies | the degree of obedience obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer affection=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | is | present | the affections and antipathies | in a dog; proper property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | train | may · passive | dogs | to obedience | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lose | gerund | dogs's honourable qualities | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quality=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | become | gerund | servile | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | know | past | Fionn | the hopes and the apprehensions | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer hope=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | animate | present | the hopes and the apprehensions | dogs = dog | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 8 | tingle | present | the apprehensions | dogs's blood | vn tingle-40.8.2 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 9 | demand speech: request | present · passive | that | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition | |||||
| 10 | forgive in | participle | Fionn not said here | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 11 | understand | past | Fionn | this things | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | ||||
| 12 | love | past | Fionn | dogs | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus | ||||
| 13 | is | present | tooth | for love; alone property | tree rules | ||||
| 14 | understand | present | we | anything | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/28/9/