Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter X, sentence 3
A ridge of inky water rushed foaming mountainously on his board, and behind that ridge came a vast warty head that gurgled and groaned.
Who acts: ridge, vast warty head · What happens: rush, foam, come, gurgle, groan · To what, where: board, ridge
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ridge, vast warty head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ridge | det |
| 2 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rushed | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 water | case |
| 4 | inky | inky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 water | amod |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ridge | nmod |
| 6 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | foaming | foam | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 rushed | xcomp |
| 8 | mountainously | mountainously | ADV | _ | 7 foaming | advmod |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 board | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 board | nmod:poss |
| 11 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 foaming | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 came | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 came | cc |
| 14 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 16 ridge | case |
| 15 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 ridge | det |
| 16 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 came | obl |
| 17 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 rushed | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 head | det |
| 19 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 head | amod |
| 20 | warty | warty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 head | amod |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 came | nsubj |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 gurgled | nsubj |
| 23 | gurgled | gurgle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 head | acl:relcl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 groaned | cc |
| 25 | groaned | groan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 gurgled | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 rushed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush | past | a ridge of inky water | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | foam | gerund | a ridge of inky water not said here | ridge's board | mountainously property | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on board=Location | |||
| 3 | come | past | a vast warty head | that ridge | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind ridge=Location | ||||
| 4 | gurgle | past | a vast warty head | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | groan | past | a vast warty head not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/71/3/