Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter IV, sentence 24
There were ladies on this balcony, and when they saw the travellers approaching they sent messengers to welcome them.
Who acts: ladies, trees, travellers · What happens: be, see, approach, send, welcome · To what, where: messengers, trees
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter IV. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ladies, trees, travellers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 balcony | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 balcony | det |
| 6 | balcony | balcony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ladies | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 saw | cc |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 saw | advmod |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 were | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 travellers | det |
| 13 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 approaching | nsubj |
| 14 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 saw | xcomp |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 sent | nsubj |
| 16 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 approaching | ccomp |
| 17 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sent | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 welcome | mark |
| 19 | welcome | welcome | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 sent | advcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 welcome | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | ladies on this balcony | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | trees = tree | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | approach | gerund | the travellers | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | send | past | trees = tree | messengers | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme | ||||
| 5 | welcome | to-infinitive | trees = tree not said here | trees = tree | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/75/24/