Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter X, sentence 15
He came down from the window and walked on the sunny lawn among the cows, looking at each of them and speaking words of affection and endearment to them all; and while he was thus walking and talking and looking and loving, he noticed that some one was moving beside him.
Who acts: Mongan, one · What happens: come down, walk, look, speak, talk, notice · To what, where: window, sunny lawn, words, cows, affection · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mongan, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 came | advmod |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 window | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 window | det |
| 6 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 came | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 walked | cc |
| 8 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 lawn | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 lawn | det |
| 11 | sunny | sunny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 lawn | amod |
| 12 | lawn | lawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 walked | obl |
| 13 | among | among | ADP | _ | 15 cows | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cows | det |
| 15 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 walked | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 looking | punct |
| 17 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 walked | advcl |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 each | case |
| 19 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 looking | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 each | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 speaking | cc |
| 23 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 looking | conj |
| 24 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 speaking | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 affection | case |
| 26 | affection | affection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 words | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 endearment | cc |
| 28 | endearment | endearment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 affection | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 speaking | obl |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 noticed | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 noticed | cc |
| 34 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 38 walking | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 walking | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 walking | aux |
| 37 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 38 walking | advmod |
| 38 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 47 noticed | advcl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 talking | cc |
| 40 | talking | talk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 walking | conj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 looking | cc |
| 42 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 walking | conj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 loving | cc |
| 44 | loving | loving | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 looking | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 walking | punct |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 noticed | nsubj |
| 47 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 52 moving | mark |
| 49 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 50 one | det |
| 50 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 moving | nsubj |
| 51 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 moving | aux |
| 52 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 47 noticed | advcl |
| 53 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 54 him | case |
| 54 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 moving | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | past | Mongan | the window | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from window=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | walk | past | Mongan not said here | the sunny lawn | among the cows | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lawn=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | look | gerund | Mongan not said here | at each | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at each=Theme | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | gerund | Mongan not said here | words of affection and endearment | cows = cow | tree rules | |||
| 5 | walk | past · progressive | Mongan | thus property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | talk | gerund | Mongan not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | look | gerund | Mongan not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | notice | past | Mongan | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | move | past · progressive | some one | beside Mongan | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme beside he=Trajectory | ||||
| 10 | word | affection and endearment | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/81/15/