Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Vampire and St Michael, sentence 35
One day, when his uncles were again making ready to depart into foreign lands, he said to them, "Take me with you!"--"Why shouldst thou go?" said they; "we have wares to sell, but what hast thou?"--"Yet take me," said he.--"But thou hast nothing."--"I will make me laths and boards and take them with me," said he.--His uncles laughed at him for imagining such wares as these, but he begged and prayed them till they were wearied. "
Who acts: uncles, youth, thou, we · What happens: make, depart, say, take, go, have · To what, where: foreign lands, uncles, youth, wares, thou, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Vampire and St Michael. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (uncles, youth, thou, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 said | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 making | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 making | advmod |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 uncles | nmod:poss |
| 6 | uncles | uncle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 making | nsubj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 making | aux |
| 8 | again | again | ADV | _ | 9 making | advmod |
| 9 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 day | conj |
| 10 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 making | xcomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 depart | mark |
| 12 | depart | depart | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 ready | xcomp |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 lands | case |
| 14 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 lands | amod |
| 15 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 depart | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | nsubj |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Take | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Take | punct |
| 23 | Take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 said | ccomp |
| 24 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 Take | obj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 you | case |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 23 Take | obl |
| 27 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 23 Take | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Take | punct |
| 29 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 34 go | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 go | punct |
| 31 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 go | advmod |
| 32 | shouldst | should | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 34 go | aux |
| 33 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 34 go | nsubj |
| 34 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 said | ccomp |
| 35 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 34 go | punct |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 go | punct |
| 37 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | conj |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 said | nsubj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 have | punct |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 have | punct |
| 41 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 42 have | nsubj |
| 42 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | conj |
| 43 | wares | ware | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 have | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 sell | mark |
| 45 | sell | sell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 wares | acl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 hast | punct |
| 47 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 49 hast | cc |
| 48 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 49 hast | obj |
| 49 | hast | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | ccomp |
| 50 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 49 hast | obj |
| 51 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 49 hast | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 hast | punct |
| 53 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 56 take | punct |
| 54 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 take | punct |
| 55 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 56 take | cc |
| 56 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 said | ccomp |
| 57 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 56 take | obj |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 take | punct |
| 59 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 take | punct |
| 60 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | conj |
| 61 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 said | nsubj |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
| 63 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 67 hast | punct |
| 64 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 67 hast | punct |
| 65 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 67 hast | cc |
| 66 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 67 hast | nsubj |
| 67 | hast | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | ccomp |
| 68 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 67 hast | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 67 hast | punct |
| 70 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 67 hast | punct |
| 71 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 75 make | punct |
| 72 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 75 make | punct |
| 73 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 75 make | nsubj |
| 74 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 75 make | aux |
| 75 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 said | parataxis |
| 76 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 75 make | obj |
| 77 | laths | lath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 75 make | obj |
| 78 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 boards | cc |
| 79 | boards | board | NOUN | Number=Plur | 77 laths | conj |
| 80 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 81 take | cc |
| 81 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 75 make | conj |
| 82 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 81 take | obj |
| 83 | with | with | ADP | _ | 84 me | case |
| 84 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 81 take | obl |
| 85 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 87 said | punct |
| 86 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 87 said | punct |
| 87 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | parataxis |
| 88 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 87 said | nsubj |
| 89 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 87 said | punct |
| 90 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 93 laughed | punct |
| 91 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 92 uncles | nmod:poss |
| 92 | uncles | uncle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 93 laughed | nsubj |
| 93 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 87 said | conj |
| 94 | at | at | ADP | _ | 95 him | case |
| 95 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 93 laughed | obl |
| 96 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 97 imagining | mark |
| 97 | imagining | imagine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 93 laughed | advcl |
| 98 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 99 wares | amod |
| 99 | wares | ware | NOUN | Number=Plur | 97 imagining | obj |
| 100 | as | as | ADP | _ | 101 these | case |
| 101 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 97 imagining | obl |
| 102 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 105 begged | punct |
| 103 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 105 begged | cc |
| 104 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 105 begged | nsubj |
| 105 | begged | beg | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | conj |
| 106 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 107 prayed | cc |
| 107 | prayed | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 105 begged | conj |
| 108 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 107 prayed | obj |
| 109 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 112 wearied | mark |
| 110 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 112 wearied | nsubj |
| 111 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 112 wearied | aux:pass |
| 112 | wearied | weary | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 107 prayed | advcl |
| 113 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 105 begged | punct |
| 114 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 105 begged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · progressive | youth's uncles | again | ready property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | depart | to-infinitive | youth's uncles not said here | foreign lands | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into land=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: express | past | youth | uncles = uncle | day | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 4 | take in a quote | infinitive | youth | with uncles = uncle | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument i=Destination | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | should | thou | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | uncles = uncle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | have in a quote | present | we | wares | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ware=Patient | ||||
| 8 | sell in a quote | to-infinitive | we not said here | wares not said here | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | have in a quote | present | thou | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | take in a quote | infinitive | youth | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument i=Destination | |||||
| 11 | say speech: assert | past | youth | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | have in a quote | present | thou | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 13 | make in a quote | future | youth | laths and boards | youth | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary lath=Product | |||
| 14 | take in a quote | infinitive | youth not said here | uncles = uncle | with youth | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 15 | say speech: assert | past | youth | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 16 | laugh | past | youth's uncles | at youth | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 17 | imagine | gerund | youth's uncles not said here | such wares | as these | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent ware=Theme as this=Attribute | |||
| 18 | beg speech: request | past | youth | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 19 | pray | past | youth not said here | uncles = uncle | tree rules | ||||
| 20 | weary | past · passive | uncles = uncle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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