The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 11, sentence 103
But, in reality, he was carried down, half drowned, below the next bend in the river, where he fortunately came across a 'snag' floating in the water (a snag is, you know, a part of a tree or bush which floats very nearly under the surface of the water); and he held on to this snag, and by great good luck eventually came ashore some two or three miles down the river.
Who acts: enemy, snag, you, bush · What happens: be, drown, come, float, know, hold on · To what, where: reality, next bend, snag, water, surface, two miles
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, snag, you, bush), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 carried | cc |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 reality | punct |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 reality | case |
| 4 | reality | reality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 carried | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 reality | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 carried | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | aux:pass |
| 8 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 carried | compound:prt |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 drowned | punct |
| 11 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 12 drowned | advmod |
| 12 | drowned | drown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 carried | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 bend | punct |
| 14 | below | below | ADP | _ | 17 bend | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bend | det |
| 16 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 bend | amod |
| 17 | bend | bend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 drowned | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 river | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 river | det |
| 20 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 bend | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 came | punct |
| 22 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 25 came | advmod |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 came | nsubj |
| 24 | fortunately | fortunately | ADV | _ | 25 came | advmod |
| 25 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 river | acl:relcl |
| 26 | across | across | ADP | _ | 29 snag | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 snag | det |
| 28 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 snag | punct |
| 29 | snag | snag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 came | obl |
| 30 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 snag | punct |
| 31 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 snag | acl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 water | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 water | det |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 floating | obl |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 snag | punct |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 snag | det |
| 37 | snag | snag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 water | conj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | cop |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 know | punct |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 know | nsubj |
| 41 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | parataxis |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 part | punct |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 part | det |
| 44 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 know | ccomp |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 tree | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 tree | det |
| 47 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 part | nmod |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 bush | cc |
| 49 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 tree | conj |
| 50 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 floats | nsubj |
| 51 | floats | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 bush | acl:relcl |
| 52 | very | very | ADV | _ | 53 nearly | advmod |
| 53 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 51 floats | advmod |
| 54 | under | under | ADP | _ | 56 surface | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 surface | det |
| 56 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 floats | obl |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 water | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 water | det |
| 59 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 surface | nmod |
| 60 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 51 floats | punct |
| 61 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 64 held | punct |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 held | cc |
| 63 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 held | nsubj |
| 64 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 know | parataxis |
| 65 | on | on | ADP | _ | 64 held | compound:prt |
| 66 | to | to | ADP | _ | 68 snag | case |
| 67 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 68 snag | det |
| 68 | snag | snag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 held | obl |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 came | punct |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 76 came | cc |
| 71 | by | by | ADP | _ | 74 luck | case |
| 72 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 luck | amod |
| 73 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 luck | amod |
| 74 | luck | luck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 came | obl |
| 75 | eventually | eventually | ADV | _ | 76 came | advmod |
| 76 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 64 held | conj |
| 77 | ashore | ashore | ADV | _ | 76 came | advmod |
| 78 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 82 miles | det |
| 79 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 82 miles | nummod |
| 80 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 81 three | cc |
| 81 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 79 two | conj |
| 82 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 came | obj |
| 83 | down | down | ADP | _ | 85 river | case |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 river | det |
| 85 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 miles | nmod |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · passive | reality | carry property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | drown | participle | the next bend in the river | half property | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come | past | enemy | a snag | fortunately property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across snag=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | float | gerund | a snag not said here | the water and a snag | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | know | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | float | present | bush | the surface of the water | nearly property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under surface=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | hold on | past | enemy | to this snag | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | come | past | enemy not said here | some two miles | by great good luck; down the river; ashore, eventually property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mile=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/11/103/