The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 21, sentence 75
The buffalo gave a leap into the air, and then fell dead.
Who acts: buffalo · What happens: give, fall · To what, where: leap, air
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 buffalo | det |
| 2 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 leap | det |
| 5 | leap | leap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 air | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 air | det |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 fell | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fell | cc |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 fell | advmod |
| 12 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gave | conj |
| 13 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 fell | xcomp |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | the buffalo | a leap | the air | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leap=Theme | |||
| 2 | fall | past | the buffalo not said here | then | dead property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/21/75/