The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 6, sentence 1
'Now,' the horse said to him, 'draw your sword and cut off my head.'
Who acts: horse · What happens: say, draw, cut off · To what, where: him, sword, head · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 said | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Now | punct |
| 4 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 horse | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 horse | det |
| 6 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 draw | punct |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 draw | punct |
| 12 | draw | draw | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | parataxis |
| 13 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 sword | nmod:poss |
| 14 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 draw | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cut | cc |
| 16 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 draw | conj |
| 17 | off | off | ADP | _ | 16 cut | compound:prt |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 head | nmod:poss |
| 19 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cut | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 21 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the horse | him = he | now | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | draw | infinitive | your sword | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cut off | participle | my head | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/6/1/