The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 9, sentence 41
The duckling grew cold with terror, and tried to hide his head beneath his little wings; but the dog snuffed at him and passed on, and he was able to reach his place of shelter.
Who acts: duckling, dog · What happens: grow, try, hide, snuff, pass on, be · To what, where: head, little wings, place
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (duckling, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 duckling | det |
| 2 | duckling | duckling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grew | xcomp |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 terror | case |
| 6 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cold | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 tried | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 tried | cc |
| 9 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 grew | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 hide | mark |
| 11 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 tried | xcomp |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 head | nmod:poss |
| 13 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hide | obj |
| 14 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 17 wings | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 wings | nmod:poss |
| 16 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 wings | amod |
| 17 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 hide | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 snuffed | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 snuffed | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 dog | det |
| 21 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 snuffed | nsubj |
| 22 | snuffed | snuff | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 grew | parataxis |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 snuffed | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 passed | cc |
| 26 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 snuffed | conj |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 passed | compound:prt |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 able | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 able | cc |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 able | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 able | cop |
| 32 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grew | parataxis |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 reach | mark |
| 34 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 able | xcomp |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 place | nmod:poss |
| 36 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 reach | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 shelter | case |
| 38 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 place | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the duckling | cold property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | try | past | the duckling not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | hide not said to happen | to-infinitive | the duckling not said here | firing's head | firing's little wings | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent head=Patient beneath wing=Location | |||
| 4 | snuff | past | the dog | at firing | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | pass on | participle | the dog not said here | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is | past | dog | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | reach | to-infinitive | dog not said here | firing's place of shelter | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/9/41/