The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 15, sentence 23
“But how am I to help you?” asked the little brother, almost weeping.
Who acts: I · What happens: help, ask, weep · To what, where: little brother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 help | punct |
| 2 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 help | cc |
| 3 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 help | advmod |
| 4 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 help | aux |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 help | nsubj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 help | mark |
| 7 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 asked | ccomp |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 help | obj |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 help | punct |
| 10 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 help | punct |
| 11 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 brother | det |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 brother | amod |
| 14 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 asked | iobj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 weeping | punct |
| 16 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 17 weeping | advmod |
| 17 | weeping | weep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 asked | advcl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help not said to happen, in a quote | present | I | the little brother = brother | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | the little brother | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent brother=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | weep | gerund | almost property | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/15/23/