The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 19, sentence 89
But as he drew near he heard sweet voices talking and laughing within.
Who acts: sun, sweet voices · What happens: draw, hear, talk, laugh · To what, where: sweet voices
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, sweet voices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 heard | cc |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 drew | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 drew | nsubj |
| 4 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | advcl |
| 5 | near | near | ADP | _ | 4 drew | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 voices | amod |
| 9 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 heard | obj |
| 10 | talking | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 heard | xcomp |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 laughing | cc |
| 12 | laughing | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 talking | conj |
| 13 | within | within | ADP | _ | 12 laughing | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | sun | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear | past | sun | sweet voices | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | talk | gerund | sweet voices not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | laugh | gerund | sweet voices not said here | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/19/89/