The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 88
To his surprise a voice spoke to him, and he saw that the thing which he had taken for a branch was really a crocodile.
Who acts: voice, prince, thing · What happens: speak, see, take, be, surprise · To what, where: prince, thing, crocodile · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, prince, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | ADP | _ | 3 surprise | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 surprise | nmod:poss |
| 3 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 spoke | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 voice | det |
| 5 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 spoke | nsubj |
| 6 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 spoke | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 saw | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 saw | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 saw | nsubj |
| 12 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 spoke | conj |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 crocodile | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 thing | det |
| 15 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 crocodile | nsubj |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 taken | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 taken | aux |
| 19 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 thing | acl:relcl |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 branch | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 branch | det |
| 22 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 taken | obl |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 crocodile | cop |
| 24 | really | really | ADV | _ | 26 crocodile | advmod |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 crocodile | det |
| 26 | crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 saw | ccomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | a voice | prince | to prince's surprise | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to surprise=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | see | past | prince | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | take | past · perfect · passive | the thing | for a branch | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for branch=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | the thing | a crocodile | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | surprise | prince | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/25/88/