The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 8, sentence 93
The youths had all ceased to be afraid, when they were startled by a low rushing sound behind them, and, looking round, saw that the pool was slowly rising, and the spot where they had landed the Bunyip was quite covered.
Who acts: low rushing sound, pool, tops · What happens: cease, be, startle, rush, look round, see · To what, where: youths, tops, Bunyip
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (low rushing sound, pool, tops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 youths | det |
| 2 | youths | youth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ceased | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ceased | aux |
| 4 | all | all | ADV | _ | 5 ceased | advmod |
| 5 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 afraid | mark |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 afraid | cop |
| 8 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ceased | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 startled | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 startled | advmod |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 startled | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 startled | aux:pass |
| 13 | startled | startle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 afraid | parataxis |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 sound | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 sound | det |
| 16 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sound | amod |
| 17 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 sound | amod |
| 18 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 startled | obl |
| 19 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sound | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 saw | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 saw | cc |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 looking | punct |
| 24 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 saw | advcl |
| 25 | round | round | ADV | _ | 24 looking | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 saw | punct |
| 27 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 startled | conj |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 rising | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 pool | det |
| 30 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rising | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 rising | aux |
| 32 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 33 rising | advmod |
| 33 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 saw | advcl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 spot | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 spot | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 spot | det |
| 37 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ceased | obl |
| 38 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 41 landed | advmod |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 landed | nsubj |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 landed | aux |
| 41 | landed | land | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 spot | acl:relcl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 Bunyip | det |
| 43 | Bunyip | bunyip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 covered | aux:pass |
| 45 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 46 covered | advmod |
| 46 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 landed | ccomp |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 ceased | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cease | past · perfect · passive | the youths | the spot obl; all property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | is | to-infinitive | afraid property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | startle | past · passive | a low rushing sound behind mountains | tops = top | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | rush | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | look round | gerund | round property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | see | past | a low rushing sound behind mountains not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | rise | past · progressive | the pool | slowly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | land | past · perfect | tops = top | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | cover | past · passive | the Bunyip | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/93/