Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 13
“My friend, you are a skilled hunter,” began Iktomi, smiling a thin smile which spread from one ear to the other.
Who acts: you, friend, thin smile · What happens: be, begin, smile, spread · To what, where: skilled hunter, Iktomi, thin smile, one ear
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, friend, thin smile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 began | punct |
| 2 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 friend | nmod:poss |
| 3 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 began | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 hunter | punct |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 hunter | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 hunter | cop |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 hunter | det |
| 8 | skilled | skilled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hunter | amod |
| 9 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 friend | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 friend | punct |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 friend | punct |
| 12 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 began | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 smiling | punct |
| 15 | smiling | smile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 began | advcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 smile | det |
| 17 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 smile | amod |
| 18 | smile | smile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 smiling | obj |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 spread | nsubj |
| 20 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 smile | acl:relcl |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 ear | case |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 ear | nummod |
| 23 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 spread | obl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 other | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 other | det |
| 26 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 spread | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | you | a skilled hunter | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | My friend and a skilled hunter | Iktomi | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iktomi=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | smile | gerund | My friend and a skilled hunter not said here | a thin smile | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Topic | ||||
| 4 | spread | past | a thin smile | one ear | to the other | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/10/13/