Old Indian Legends, Dance in a Buffalo Skull, sentence 37
“Spirit of the buffalo!” squeaked a frightened mouse as he jumped out from a hole in the back part of the skull.
Who acts: Spirit · What happens: squeak, jump out · To what, where: frightened mouse, hole
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Dance in a Buffalo Skull. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Spirit | punct |
| 2 | Spirit | Spirit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 squeaked | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 buffalo | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 buffalo | det |
| 5 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Spirit | nmod |
| 6 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Spirit | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Spirit | punct |
| 8 | squeaked | squeak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 mouse | det |
| 10 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 mouse | amod |
| 11 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 squeaked | obj |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 jumped | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 jumped | nsubj |
| 14 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 squeaked | advcl |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 jumped | compound:prt |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 hole | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 hole | det |
| 18 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 jumped | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 part | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 part | det |
| 21 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 part | compound |
| 22 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 hole | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 skull | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 skull | det |
| 25 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 part | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 squeaked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | squeak | past | Spirit of the buffalo | a frightened mouse | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme | ||||
| 2 | jump out | past | Spirit | a hole in the back part of the skull | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hole=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/11/37/