Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 1

THE water-fowls were flying over the marshy lakes.

Who acts: water fowls · What happens: fly · To what, where: marshy lakes

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water fowls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	THE	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fowls	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fowls	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 water	punct
4	fowls	fowl	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 flying	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 flying	aux
6	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	over	over	ADP	_	10 lakes	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lakes	det
9	marshy	marshy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 lakes	amod
10	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 flying	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 flying	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	past · progressive	the water fowls			the marshy lakes			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over lake=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/1/