Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 48
Crouching low to the marshy ground, he listened to the wailing voice.
Who acts: hair · What happens: crouch, listen
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crouching | crouch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 listened | advcl |
| 2 | low | low | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 Crouching | advmod |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 ground | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ground | det |
| 5 | marshy | marshy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ground | amod |
| 6 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Crouching | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Crouching | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 listened | nsubj |
| 9 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 voice | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 voice | det |
| 12 | wailing | wailing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 voice | compound |
| 13 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 listened | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 listened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crouch | gerund | hair not said here | to the marshy ground; low property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | listen | past | hair | to the wailing voice | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to voice=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/48/