Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 92
One day an Indian hunter, wading in the deep waters, spied the boy.
Who acts: Indian hunter · What happens: wade, spy · To what, where: deep waters, boy
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 spied | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 hunter | det |
| 4 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hunter | amod |
| 5 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 day | appos |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 wading | punct |
| 7 | wading | wade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 hunter | acl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 waters | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 waters | det |
| 10 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 waters | amod |
| 11 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 wading | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 13 | spied | spy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 boy | det |
| 15 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 spied | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 spied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wade | gerund | a Indian hunter not said here | the deep waters | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | spy | past | the boy | day | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/92/