Old Indian Legends, Iya, the Camp-eater, sentence 10

“At times it sounds like an old man's voice!” whispered a superstitious fellow, who feared some bad spirit hid in the small child to cheat them by and by.

Who acts: voice, superstitious fellow, bad spirit · What happens: sound, whisper, fear, hide, cheat · To what, where: men · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, superstitious fellow, bad spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	5 sounds	punct
2	At	at	ADP	_	3 times	case
3	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sounds	obl
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sounds	nsubj
5	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 whispered	parataxis
6	like	like	ADP	_	11 voice	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 man	det
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 man	amod
9	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 voice	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 man	case
11	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sounds	obl
12	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 sounds	punct
13	”	"	PUNCT	_	5 sounds	punct
14	whispered	whisper	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 fellow	det
16	superstitious	superstitious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 fellow	amod
17	fellow	fellow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 whispered	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 feared	punct
19	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 feared	nsubj
20	feared	fear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 fellow	acl:relcl
21	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	23 spirit	det
22	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 spirit	amod
23	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 hid	nsubj
24	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 feared	ccomp
25	in	in	ADP	_	28 child	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 child	det
27	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 child	amod
28	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 hid	obl
29	to	to	PART	_	30 cheat	mark
30	cheat	cheat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 hid	advcl
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 cheat	obj
32	by	by	ADP	_	30 cheat	obl
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 by	cc
34	by	by	ADP	_	32 by	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 whispered	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sound in a quote	present	voice		time	like a old man's voice	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	whisper speech: express	past	a superstitious fellow				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	fear	past	a superstitious fellow				vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	hide	past	some bad spirit			in the small child	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in child=Location
5	cheat	to-infinitive	some bad spirit not said here	men = man			vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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