Old Indian Legends, Iya, the Camp-eater, sentence 2
The huntsmen who were passing nigh heard and halted.
Who acts: huntsmen · What happens: pass, hear, halt
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huntsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 huntsmen | det |
| 2 | huntsmen | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 passing | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passing | aux |
| 5 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 huntsmen | acl:relcl |
| 6 | nigh | nigh | ADV | _ | 7 heard | advmod |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 passing | advcl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 halted | cc |
| 9 | halted | halt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 heard | conj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 huntsmen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past · progressive | the huntsmen | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hear | participle | the huntsmen not said here | nigh property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | halt | participle | the huntsmen not said here | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/13/2/