Old Indian Legends, Manstin, the Rabbit, sentence 89
Not even a night bird twittered to help him out of his predicament.
Who acts: night bird · What happens: not twitter, help · To what, where: bird, predicament
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Manstin, the Rabbit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 twittered | advmod |
| 2 | even | even | ADV | _ | 5 bird | advmod |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bird | det |
| 4 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bird | compound |
| 5 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 twittered | nsubj |
| 6 | twittered | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root | |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 help | mark |
| 8 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 twittered | xcomp |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 help | obj |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 predicament | case |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 predicament | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 predicament | nmod:poss |
| 13 | predicament | predicament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 help | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 twittered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not twitter | past | a night bird | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | help | to-infinitive | a night bird not said here | bird | bird's predicament | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/14/89/