Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 119
What sound is it that makes my ear ache!” exclaimed Iktomi, holding a hand on his ear.
Who acts: sound, my · What happens: be, make, exclaim, hold, ache · To what, where: ear ache, Iktomi, hand, ear
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 exclaimed | nsubj:outer |
| 2 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 makes | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 makes | nsubj |
| 6 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | acl:relcl |
| 7 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 ache | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ache | compound |
| 9 | ache | ache | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 makes | obj |
| 10 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 makes | punct |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| 12 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 exclaimed | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 holding | punct |
| 15 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 exclaimed | advcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hand | det |
| 17 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 holding | obj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 ear | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 ear | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 holding | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 exclaimed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | sound | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | make | present | sound | my ear ache | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material ache=Product | ||||
| 3 | exclaim speech: express in a quote | past | Iktomi | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent iktomi=Topic | |||||
| 4 | hold in a quote | gerund | a hand | IKTOMI's ear | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on ear=Location | ||||
| 5 | ache | my | nom ache «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/119/