Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 123
He placed his foot right on a cracked limb without seeing it.
Who acts: squeaking · What happens: place, crack, see · To what, where: foot, cracked limb, tree
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squeaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 placed | nsubj |
| 2 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 foot | nmod:poss |
| 4 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 placed | obj |
| 5 | right | right | ADV | _ | 2 placed | advmod |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 limb | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 limb | det |
| 8 | cracked | crack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 limb | amod |
| 9 | limb | limb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 placed | obl |
| 10 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 11 seeing | mark |
| 11 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 placed | advcl |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 seeing | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 placed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | past | squeaking | squeaking's foot | a cracked limb | right property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme on limb=Destination | ||
| 2 | crack | participle | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | see | gerund | squeaking not said here | tree | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/123/