Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 126

“Oh! my foot is crushed!” he howled like a coward.

Who acts: whiff · What happens: crush, howl · To what, where: foot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whiff), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	7 crushed	punct
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	_	7 crushed	discourse
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Oh	punct
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 foot	nmod:poss
5	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crushed	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 crushed	aux:pass
7	crushed	crush	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	7 crushed	punct
9	”	"	PUNCT	_	7 crushed	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 howled	nsubj
11	howled	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 crushed	parataxis
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 coward	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 coward	det
14	coward	coward	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 howled	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 crushed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crush in a quote	present · passive		my foot					tree rules
2	howl	past	whiff					like a coward	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/126/