Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 128
While sitting a prisoner on the tree he spied, through his tears, a pack of gray wolves roaming over the level lands.
Who acts: whiff, gray wolves, sitting · What happens: sit, spy, roam, land · To what, where: prisoner, tree, level
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whiff, gray wolves, sitting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 2 sitting | mark |
| 2 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 lands | csubj |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 prisoner | det |
| 4 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sitting | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 tree | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tree | det |
| 7 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sitting | obl |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 spied | nsubj |
| 9 | spied | spy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 tree | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 tears | punct |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 tears | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 tears | nmod:poss |
| 13 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 sitting | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pack | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pack | det |
| 16 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tears | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 wolves | case |
| 18 | gray | gray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 wolves | compound |
| 19 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pack | nmod |
| 20 | roaming | roam | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 wolves | acl |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 level | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 level | det |
| 23 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 roaming | obl |
| 24 | lands | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 lands | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | gerund | a prisoner | the tree | through whiff's tears and a pack of gray wolves | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent prisoner=Theme on tree=Location | |||
| 2 | spy | past | whiff | the tree not said here | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | roam | gerund | gray wolves not said here | the level | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over level=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | land | present | sitting | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/128/