Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 150
Running back to the dead fire, they pawed out the ducks with such rude haste that a cloud of ashes rose like gray smoke over them.
Who acts: ducks, cloud · What happens: run back, paw out, rose, cloud · To what, where: ducks, such rude haste, ashes
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ducks, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 pawed | advcl |
| 2 | back | back | ADV | _ | 1 Running | advmod |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 fire | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 fire | det |
| 5 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fire | amod |
| 6 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 back | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Running | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 pawed | nsubj |
| 9 | pawed | paw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 pawed | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ducks | det |
| 12 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pawed | obj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 haste | case |
| 14 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 haste | amod |
| 15 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 haste | amod |
| 16 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ducks | nmod |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 rose | obj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 cloud | det |
| 19 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rose | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 ashes | case |
| 21 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cloud | nmod |
| 22 | rose | rose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 haste | acl:relcl |
| 23 | like | like | ADP | _ | 25 smoke | case |
| 24 | gray | gray | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 smoke | amod |
| 25 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rose | obl |
| 26 | over | over | ADP | _ | 27 them | case |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 smoke | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 pawed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run back | gerund | ducks = duck not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | paw out | past | ducks = duck | the ducks | with such rude haste | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent duck=Patient with haste=Instrument | |||
| 3 | rose | present | a cloud of ashes | such rude haste | like gray smoke over ducks | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cloud | ashes | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/150/